Posts

Showing posts with the label Go Programming

Arrays in Go lang

Image
What is Array An array is the collection of similar type of elements. An array is the collection of fixed length. Array elements are stored in contiguous memory locations. All the array elements share the common name, but each element is uniquely identified their index or subscript, so the array is also called a subscript variable. Array index always starts with 0. Creating an array var arr [5]int Note:  In the above program snippet, arr is an array of 5 integers. By default, all the array elements are initialized with a default value. Default Values Data Type Default Value Int(s) 0 Float(s) 0.0 bool(s) false Objects nil Note: Following example demonstrate the default values for array elements. Example-1 package main import "fmt" func main() { var arr1 [5]int var arr2 [5]float32 var arr3 [5]string var arr4 [5]bool fmt.Pr...
Post a Comment
Read more

Decision Making in Go lang

Image
Introduction to decision making Sometimes we need to introduce a power in our program, that our program should automatically make the decision. For example:  if the temperature of the day is more than 20 degree then it's hot otherwise it's cool. To introduce this kind of power in our program, we use decision making statements as the list below... if-else statements nested if-else statements else-if ladder switch/case-control statement Let's create a program to check whether a number is even or odd. Program to check a number is even or odd in Go lang. package main import "fmt" func main() { var n int32 fmt.Print("Enter any number:") fmt.Scan(&n) if n % 2 == 0 { fmt.Println(n,"is even") } else { fmt.Println(n,"is odd") } } Output: Enter any number:55 55 is odd  Explanation: A number is even if it is divisible by 2 otherwise odd. So to che...
Post a Comment
Read more

Looping in go lang

Image
Loop is a structure with the block of statements can be repeated for the finite number of times.  Till Now we have learned the programs that execute sequentially, Now we are going to learn control structures which change the normal flow of the program and helps you to create more meaningful and compact program structure. To understand more, suppose we want to print from 1 to 10 number counting, each number should be printed in the new line. Program to print numbers from 1 to 10 package main import "fmt" func main( ) { fmt.Println(1) fmt.Println(2) fmt.Println(3) fmt.Println(4) fmt.Println(5) fmt.Println(6) fmt.Println(7) fmt.Println(8) fmt.Println(9) fmt.Println(10) } Another compact way to create this program use loop. The following example creates this program using the loop. Program package main import "fmt" func main() { i := 1 //initialization for i ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Convert Temperature from Fahrenheit to centigrade

The formula to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Centigrade is as below... C = ( F - 32 ) * 5 / 9 where C and F are temperature in Centigrade and Fahrenheit in respectively. package main import "fmt" func main() { var f float32 fmt.Print("Enter the temperature in fahrenheit: ") fmt.Scan(&f) c := ( f - 32 ) * 5 / 9 fmt.Printf("Temprature in centigrade: %.2f",c) }
Post a Comment
Read more

Constant in Go lang

Image
Constant in go lang Constants are basically variable which value can't change once created. Constants are created in the same way as variables, the only difference is that to create a variable use var keyword and to create constant use const keyword. Constant Example-1 package main import "fmt" func main() { const playerName string = "Rahul" fmt.Println(playerName) //playerName = "Micky" //compile time error, cannot assign to playerName. } Constant Example-2 package main import "fmt" func main() { const METER_PER_FEET = 0.3048 var feet,meter float32 fmt.Print("Enter value in feet...") fmt.Scan(&feet) meter = feet * METER_PER_FEET fmt.Printf("Meter %.2f",meter) }  Note: In the above example, METER_PER_FEET is a constant. It is suggested that constant name should be written in uppercase, each word separated by an unders...
Post a Comment
Read more

Simple interest in go lang

package main import "fmt" func main() { var p int var r float32 var t int fmt.Print("Enter principal, rate and time: ") fmt.Scan(&p,&r,&t) si := float32(p) * float32(t) * r / 100 fmt.Printf("Simple interest: %.2f",si) } Explanation  Most of the things of the above program are already discussed. bur some of the important statement is discussed here. si := float32(p) * float32(t) * r / 100 The above program statement performs a simple calculation p * t * r / 100 and stores the result in variable si .  In go lang in a single expression multiple types are not allowed, so we need to convert p and t into float32 type and expression p * t * r becomes a float32 type expression. To typecast a variable we use the following syntax type(var)  In the above program snippet to print the result fmt.Printf("Simple interest : %.2f",si). Printf() is a function used to pri...
Post a Comment
Read more

Identify Variable type and values in go lang

package main import "fmt" func main() { var name string = "Mahesh" age := 25 price := 300.40 fmt.Printf("%T %v\n",name,name) fmt.Printf("%T %v\n",age,age) fmt.Printf("%T %v\n",price,price) } Output string Mahesh int 25 float64 300.4 Explanation In the above program snippet, we use Printf() function   of fmt package to print the formatted output. Withing the Printf( ) %T and %v is called format specifier which represents the output format. %T represents the Type, which prints the variable type %v represents the variable's value. age := 25 , creates a variable age with the short variable declaration and assign the value 25. In this case, the variable automatically receives the type and here age is the type of int. price:=300.40, In this statement price, is created of type float64 because float64 is the default type of floating values in go lang. To create a float32 ty...
Post a Comment
Read more

Sum of two numbers in go lang

package main import "fmt" func main() { var a,b int a = 5 b = 10 sum := a + b fmt.Println("Total = ",sum) } Explanation var a,b int: declare two variable a and b. Learn here  how to create variable a = 5 and b = 10 assign 5,10 to a,b respectively sum:= a + b:   adds a and b and store the result in sum as well as created sum variable with the short variable declaration (:=).  fmt.Println("Total = ",sum):  prints the result as Total = 15 Improvements Above program always returns fixed result Total = 15, because a and b are initialized with fixed value 5, 10 respectively. So this program can be improved by using user input. As well as above program variable declaration and initialization can be done in a single statement as shown here var a,b int = 5 , 10 OR var a,b = 5 , 10 Sum of two numbers with user input package main import "fmt" func main() { var a,b int fmt.Print(...
Post a Comment
Read more

Program to print Hello world in go lang

package main import "fmt" func main() { fmt.Println("Hello Go Lang") } Output  Hello Go lang Explanation If you are a beginner an don't know how to install go lang and run the program, you can learn installation with the installation of go lang . To read the complete explanation of the above program visit, How to print Hello world in go lang .
Post a Comment
Read more

Variable Naming & Scope of Variable

Image
Rules for Creating the variable name Variable name can contain Alphabets (A-Z/a-z), Digits (0-9) and Underscore( _ ). A variable name must start with alphabet or underscore. Spaces and special systems are not allowed. Reserved words are not allowed as a variable name. A variable name should be meaningful. Go is case sensitive language so age, Age, AGE all are treated as a different variable. Some correct variable names name father_name fatherName __AGE number1 car_modal_name is_verified intnum Some incorrect variable names father's_name father#name 2persons 0007 000Name int a#b Note There are two popular ways to create multi-word variables. player_name: Each word is separated by an underscore playerName: camel case, the first word is in small and from second word first letter of each word is capitalized. Variable Scope Scope is the range of places where a variable is allowed to be used is called variable scope.Variable Scope can ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Variables in Go lang

Image
What is variable Variable is an entity which can change during the problem. For example: y = x + 5 x y 1 6 2 7 3 8 As shown in the above example, as the value of x is changing y gets changed. so in the above expression x and y are variable and 5 is a constant. In programming whenever you create a variable, a memory is reserved and a name is assigned to it. If initialized with value then binary value of that will gets stored in memory otherwise initialized with default value. Following figure shows the memory map of a variable. Creating a variable var name string = "Hello Go" In the above example, a variable is created labeled with the name of type string and initialized with value "Hello Go" . the var keyword is used to create a variable. var name = "Hello Go"  In the above code snippet, the only difference is that data type is not given, because when you initialize the variable then ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Boolean in go lang

Image
Boolean (named on gorge bool) is a special 1 bit value which represents true or false. In Go lang, true and false are two reserved literals which represent Boolean values. Like some other programming language C, C++, go doesn't allow 1 at the place of true and 0 at the place of 0. Boolean values can be combined with logical operators. List of the logical operators is given below. && AND || OR ! NOT Logical operators && (AND) and || (OR) operators are used to combine two or more Boolean values/expressions. ! (Not) operator also called negation, just reverse the Boolean values. !true results false !false results true && (AND) operator returns true if all the conditions are true. || (OR) operator returns true if any one condition is true. The outcome of the combination will be based on the following truth table. Truth table for && (AND) and || (OR) operator C1 C2 C1 && C...
Post a Comment
Read more

String in golang

Image
Strings are sequence of characters with definite length and can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" and back ticks `Hello Go`.  A string is a sequence of characters. Strings are the collection of individual bytes, where each character occupy single byte. Characters out of the ASCII characters (can say characters from other languages) occupy more than one byte. A string can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" or backticks `Hello Go`. The difference between double quotes and backticks is that double quotes allow escape sequences like \n (newline) and \t (tab) and parses them but backticks don't. Example-1: package main import "fmt" func main( ) {         fmt.Println(len("Hello Go"))         fmt.Println("Hello Go"[1])         fmt.Println("Hello"+" "+"Go") } Output:  8 101 Hello Go   Output Explained: fmt.Println(len("Hello Go")) ...
2 comments
Read more

Floating point Data types in Go lang

Image
As we have discussed, In our previous article Data types in go lang , In Go lang Numbers can be categorized into two broad categories. Integral Numbers Floating point Numbers We have already discussed integral numbers In this article we will discuss all floating point numbers. Floating point Numbers Floating point numbers are those which contains decimal places, for example (2.34 , -90.435 , 0.00007) Rules for floating point numbers  Floating point number can contain decimal places, For example (0.006, 2.45) Can be +ve and -ve. Floating point number can be written in two formats Fixed format , example (0.007) Exponent format , example (0.7 E -4) 0.7 E -4 is equivalent to 0.7 * 10 <sup>-4</sup> In 0.7 E -4, 0.7 (part before e) is called mantissa and -4 (part after E) is called exponent. Exponent format is used when a number is too large or too small to represent in decimal places. Floating point number can be of 32bits or 64bits in size ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Data Types in Go language

Image
Data type defines a set of related values, describe the operations that can be done on them and define the way the stored in memory.  For example: Suppose you have a Car of VW Polo, but a car can be of any other company with some other basic and some advanced features. But if we called a name Car, then in your mind a picture is created that there is a vehicle with 4-wheels and steering. Each car has some features like the color, company, make, model etc. Types in programming work in a similar way, For example, "Hello World" is a string and every string have some length. Numbers Go Comes with different types to represent numbers, Numbers can be categorized into two broad categories... Integer The integer represents only those numbers which don't include any decimal places and can be of any positive and negative numbers. Example : {1, 3, -4, 11, 123, 534} all are integer numbers Go's integer type can be uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, int8, int16, in...
Post a Comment
Read more

Say Hello world in Go lang

Image
Writing your first program "Hello World" package main import "fmt" func main( ) {        fmt.Print("Hello World") } Understanding the program line by line As we have discussed in the overview of go lang that Go program is organized in the various package. Here first statement package main specifies that this program will belong to the package main. Next line import "fmt" includes the predefined package fmt in your program so that you can use the functions (features) of this package in your program. Here import is the keyword in go lang use to import package(s). fmt stands for the format, fmt package has the various pre-defined function like Print, Println, Printf to print the formatted text and other methods like Scanf for reading the formatted values. Next Line defines the main() function, which is the starting point of every program. func is a keyword in go lang to define a function. Within the main() function we have writ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Installing go lang

Image
On Windows Download the latest version of go MSI installer from  https://golang.org/dl/  best suited for your system architecture. Start the installation by double-clicking on the installer and installer wizard will open as given in the following figure. For the installation follow the wizard instructions. Note that when you installing go lang using installer then it will ask the location where go will be installed as shown in the figure below. Installation directory of go lang is called GOROOT here the GOROOT is c:\go directory. After this follow the wizard instructions and complete the go lang installation. Test Go installation To Check that Go is installed correctly or not, you need to create a go workspace (a place /folder/directory in which you save you go programs) and create a sample go program and run the program using the command line. The sample program is given below... You can create a sample program by using any simple text editor like n...
Post a Comment
Read more

Overview of Go lang

Image
Go is a Open source programming language that makes it easy to build simple, reliable and efficient software. History of Go lang The Go programming language is initially started in 2007 as an internal Google project. The original designed by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike and Ken Thomson. November 2009, Go is publicly released under the open source license. Go has an open source model and many developers over the world contribute to it with the original designers.  Overview of Go lang Go is often referred to as "Simple" programming language, a language that can be learned in a few hours if you already know another language C / C++. Go language was designed to feel familiar and to stay as simple as possible. Go language is created System programming in mind, even go can be used to create a web application using Google's App Engine . Why Go lang 1) Efficient use of 21st-century computers Computers have evolved, but programming language doesn...
Post a Comment
Read more

Popular posts from this blog

String in golang

Image
Strings are sequence of characters with definite length and can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" and back ticks `Hello Go`.  A string is a sequence of characters. Strings are the collection of individual bytes, where each character occupy single byte. Characters out of the ASCII characters (can say characters from other languages) occupy more than one byte. A string can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" or backticks `Hello Go`. The difference between double quotes and backticks is that double quotes allow escape sequences like \n (newline) and \t (tab) and parses them but backticks don't. Example-1: package main import "fmt" func main( ) {         fmt.Println(len("Hello Go"))         fmt.Println("Hello Go"[1])         fmt.Println("Hello"+" "+"Go") } Output:  8 101 Hello Go   Output Explained: fmt.Println(len("Hello Go")) ...
Read more

Arrays in C Language

Image
Suppose you want to store the 10 numbers. The one choice is to create a 10 different variable but it is difficult when number of variable are increases. So the next solution that is more feasible is array. An array is the collection of various similar type elements stored in contiguous memory locations. All the array elements share the common name. To uniquely identify each element an index or subscript is associated with the element. so the array is also known as subscript variable . In the given figure arrangement of array elements are shown. The address of the first element is 100. If the given array is of type integer and integer occupies 2 bytes then the next element in the array has address 102,104 etc as given in the figure. How to access array elements using subscript operator it is also shown in the given figure. Array index always start with 0. To access array element subscript operator is used.[] is called subscript operator.a[0] read a of 0 or 0th element of a C...
Read more

Literals in Java

Image
Literals in Java int a = 5; In the above expression, a is a variable but 5 is literal. Literal can be of many types, we will discuss all types of literal one by one. Integral Literal Any integer constant is treated as integral literal. it can be written in 3 formats. int a = 10; (decimal format) int a = 010; (octal format, equivalent to 8) int a = 0x10; (hexadecimal format, equivalent to 16) Note: Octal constants can contain digits from 0 to 9. Hexadecimal constants can contains digits from 0 to 9 and a to f, where a to f can be uppercase or lowercase. Example - 1: int a = 10;    ( ✓ ) int a = 0678;    (✕) // Compile time error, number too large int a = 0777;   ( ✓ ) int a = 0xace;   ( ✓ ) int a = 0xBeer;    (✕) // Compile time error, number too large Example - 2: int a; a = 10 + 010 + 0x10; System.out.println(a); // 34, because 010 = 8 and 0x10 = 16 so 10 + 8 + 16 Important Notes We(pr...
Read more

Pointers in C Language

Image
Pointer is called the soul of c. The importance of pointer can be understood by the fact that most of the device driver or embedded system program are created in c. Pointer makes the c most usable and flexible programming. Due to the availability of the pointer, it is possible to write a program such as a device driver. These programs are also known as the device driver. To understand the pointer we have to first understand the memory organization of any variable. The following figure shows the fact. Whenever a variable stored in memory it occupies some memory space and every memory space has a unique number associated with it known as an address. Every byte in member has a different address. If we create an integer variable and suppose it occupy 2 bytes in memory, then two addresses are associated with it but its first address is enough to access it. so the address of next bytes is less useful. To access the address of a variable & (Address of) operator is used. To understa...
Read more

Inline V/S Block Level Element

Image
What is Element? An element is the combination of opening tag, closing tag and text between the opening and closing tag. The following figure helps you to understand, what is an element? Element in Html Types of Element in HTML Block level elements Inline elements Block level Element Block Level elements are those which always starts from a new line. Examples of block level elements All Headings (h1,  h2,  h3,  h4, h5, h6) Paragraphs Lists Inline Element Inline elements are those, which don’t change the line automatically. Examples of inline element Bold (<b>Bold</b>) Italic (<i>Italic</i>)  Underline (<i>Underline</i>) Links (<a>Links</a>) Watch the video
Read more

Reserved Words in Java

Image
What is Reserved Words. In every language some words are already reserved to represent some action or meaning. For example in English some reserve words are listed below. Apple Run Cat Dog Eat Similarly in Java there are some words which meaning is already reserved, such words are called reserved words / keywords. In Java, Only 53 words are reserved words. Difference between Keywords and Reserved Literals If reserve words represents some functionality, then called Keywords . If reserve words represents some value, the called Reserve Literals . Reserve Literals (3) true (boolean value) false (boolean value) null (Object reference value) Keywords (50) Used Keywords (48) Unused Keyword (2) Goto Const All 53 Reserved Words List Data types (8) byte short int long float double boolean char Flow Control (11) if else switch case default while for do break continue return Modifiers (11) public private pr...
Read more

Identifiers

Image
What is identifier. A Name in Java program is called identifier, which can be used for identification purpose. It can be a class name, interface name, method name, label name, variable name etc. Example In the above example words marked with red underline are identifiers. As you can see there are 5 identifiers Test (Class Name) main (Method Name) String (Pre-defined Class Name) args (Variable Name) println(Method Name) Rules / Convention for Identifier Naming While defining Java identifier name, we have to follow some rules as listed below. Allowed characters in Java identifier are listed below.  A to Z (Uppercase letters) a to z (Lowercase letters) 0 to 9 (Digits) _ (Underscore) $ (Dollar sign) Example:  contact_number ( ✓ ) contact#   (✕) Identifier can't starts with digit. Example abc123 ( ✓ ) 123abc (✕) Java is a case sensitive language all variable listed below are different, but it is not a good pr...
Read more

Data Types in Go language

Image
Data type defines a set of related values, describe the operations that can be done on them and define the way the stored in memory.  For example: Suppose you have a Car of VW Polo, but a car can be of any other company with some other basic and some advanced features. But if we called a name Car, then in your mind a picture is created that there is a vehicle with 4-wheels and steering. Each car has some features like the color, company, make, model etc. Types in programming work in a similar way, For example, "Hello World" is a string and every string have some length. Numbers Go Comes with different types to represent numbers, Numbers can be categorized into two broad categories... Integer The integer represents only those numbers which don't include any decimal places and can be of any positive and negative numbers. Example : {1, 3, -4, 11, 123, 534} all are integer numbers Go's integer type can be uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, int8, int16, in...
Read more

Printing in C programming

Image
Printing in C In C for printing purpose, We Use A Function Called printf( ) . A function is a small program used to perform a specific task. The function receives some input known as an argument and produces some output called return value. Functions are always suffixed with parenthesis ( ). Syntax of printf( ) printf("Control String",[List or Variable]); Note: Control string is a sequence of characters which you want to print. ([ ]) square brackets around the list or variable represent that it is optimal. Example Of printf( ) printf("hello"); //Print hello int a=5,b=6; printf("a=%d b=%d",a,b); //print the value of a and b. int a=5,b=6; //Varialbe Declaration printf("%d",a+b); //Print 11. Note: In printf( ) expression can be written .The example is given above. The first program, Say Hello World in C programming /*program to print the "Hello world"*/ #include<stdio.h> int main() { printf(...
Read more

Variable Naming & Scope of Variable

Image
Rules for Creating the variable name Variable name can contain Alphabets (A-Z/a-z), Digits (0-9) and Underscore( _ ). A variable name must start with alphabet or underscore. Spaces and special systems are not allowed. Reserved words are not allowed as a variable name. A variable name should be meaningful. Go is case sensitive language so age, Age, AGE all are treated as a different variable. Some correct variable names name father_name fatherName __AGE number1 car_modal_name is_verified intnum Some incorrect variable names father's_name father#name 2persons 0007 000Name int a#b Note There are two popular ways to create multi-word variables. player_name: Each word is separated by an underscore playerName: camel case, the first word is in small and from second word first letter of each word is capitalized. Variable Scope Scope is the range of places where a variable is allowed to be used is called variable scope.Variable Scope can ...
Read more