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Operators in C Language

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Observe the given expression y = x + 5. In the above given expression +, = are the operators and x, y, 5 are called operands / argument. Types of operator According to the required argument the operator can be classified into 3 categories: unary operator: require only one argument. example(-5) binary operator: require two argument. example(5+8) ternary operator: require 3 argument. example(?:) According to the purpose operator are again classified into 8 types: Arithmetic operator Unary operator Assignment operator Relational operator Logical operator Bitwise operator Conditional operator(ternary operator) Comma operator Arithmetic operator +,-,*,/,%(mod) are called the arithmetic operator. The +,-,* are same as you learn in mathematical Arithmetic. To more understand take an example. 5 + 3 * 4 In the above given expression, which operator should be evaluates first? As in mathematics you learn the rule of BODMAS,which tells first brackets should be ev
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Variable in C programming

What is variable? Variable is an entity which can change during the program execution. OR Variable is the name of the memory place, where data is stored. OR Variable is just like a cup of tea . How to create a variable int x; float y; char z; General Syntax datatype variable_name; As shown in the above snippet, To create a variable two things are needed... Data type Variable name Rules for creating variable name Variable name can contains Alphabets(A-Z / a-z), Digits (0-9), and Underscore (_). Variable name must begins with an Alphabet or Underscore Spaces and Special symbols are not allowed. Keywords / Reserved words are not allowed as a variable name. Variable name should be meaningful. C is a case sensitive programming language, so age, Age, AGE all are different variables. Some valid / invalid variable names are listed below... Variable name Valid / Invalid name valid father_name valid father's name
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Constant in C Programming

Constant is an entity which never changes in the given problem or program. Types of Constant There are basically two types of constants in C. Scalar/ Primitive/ Primary Composite The Scalar types of constant are those which can't be divided any more and the composite constant are those which can be divided into multiple scalar constants. In this article, we only discuss the Scalar/Primitive constant. The Composite constants are discussed later. 1. Integer Constant A number without any fractional part is called Integer constant. Example: 25, 0, -44, 456 etc Rules of Integer Constant No decimal points are allowed. Example 25 is correct but 25.0 is incorrect. Rules of Integer Constant +ve/-ve both types of values are allowed. Special, Comma and other characters are not allowed. Example 2 3 4 and 12,500 are incorrect. Valid Range: -32768 to 32767 2. Floating point constant or real constant Can contain decimal point +ve/-ve both types of values are allo
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Constant and Variable

y = x + 5, See the expression carefully. It is clear that if we change the value of x the value of y is also changed but the 5 remains the same every time. So, x and y are the variables but 5 is a constant. Previous Back to C Programming index Next
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Keywords in C language

Keywords are some words, which meaning is already reserved by the compiler. So these words are also called reserved words. In C, there are 32 keywords as listed below. auto double int struct break else long switch case enum register typedef char extern return unsigned const float short union continue for signed void default goto sizeof volatile do if static while Previous Back to C Programming index Next
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Character Set

The allowed set of characters is called the character set. C character set consist of the following character. Alphabets A-Z , a-z Digits 0 - 9 White Spaces Spaces, tabs, newlines etc. Special Symbols +, -, *, /, %, _,; and many more discussed as needed. Previous Back to C Programming index Next
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Steps of learning C Programming

Steps of learning English Alphabets => Words => Sentence => Paragraph Steps of learning C language Character Set => Keywords/ Constant/ Variable => Instruction => Program Previous Back to C Programming index Next
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Printing in C programming

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Printing in C In C for printing purpose, We Use A Function Called printf( ) . A function is a small program used to perform a specific task. The function receives some input known as an argument and produces some output called return value. Functions are always suffixed with parenthesis ( ). Syntax of printf( ) printf("Control String",[List or Variable]); Note: Control string is a sequence of characters which you want to print. ([ ]) square brackets around the list or variable represent that it is optimal. Example Of printf( ) printf("hello"); //Print hello int a=5,b=6; printf("a=%d b=%d",a,b); //print the value of a and b. int a=5,b=6; //Varialbe Declaration printf("%d",a+b); //Print 11. Note: In printf( ) expression can be written .The example is given above. The first program, Say Hello World in C programming /*program to print the "Hello world"*/ #include<stdio.h> int main() { printf(
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String in golang

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Strings are sequence of characters with definite length and can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" and back ticks `Hello Go`.  A string is a sequence of characters. Strings are the collection of individual bytes, where each character occupy single byte. Characters out of the ASCII characters (can say characters from other languages) occupy more than one byte. A string can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" or backticks `Hello Go`. The difference between double quotes and backticks is that double quotes allow escape sequences like \n (newline) and \t (tab) and parses them but backticks don't. Example-1: package main import "fmt" func main( ) {         fmt.Println(len("Hello Go"))         fmt.Println("Hello Go"[1])         fmt.Println("Hello"+" "+"Go") } Output:  8 101 Hello Go   Output Explained: fmt.Println(len("Hello Go"))
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Inline V/S Block Level Element

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What is Element? An element is the combination of opening tag, closing tag and text between the opening and closing tag. The following figure helps you to understand, what is an element? Element in Html Types of Element in HTML Block level elements Inline elements Block level Element Block Level elements are those which always starts from a new line. Examples of block level elements All Headings (h1,  h2,  h3,  h4, h5, h6) Paragraphs Lists Inline Element Inline elements are those, which don’t change the line automatically. Examples of inline element Bold (<b>Bold</b>) Italic (<i>Italic</i>)  Underline (<i>Underline</i>) Links (<a>Links</a>) Watch the video
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Arrays in C Language

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Suppose you want to store the 10 numbers. The one choice is to create a 10 different variable but it is difficult when number of variable are increases. So the next solution that is more feasible is array. An array is the collection of various similar type elements stored in contiguous memory locations. All the array elements share the common name. To uniquely identify each element an index or subscript is associated with the element. so the array is also known as subscript variable . In the given figure arrangement of array elements are shown. The address of the first element is 100. If the given array is of type integer and integer occupies 2 bytes then the next element in the array has address 102,104 etc as given in the figure. How to access array elements using subscript operator it is also shown in the given figure. Array index always start with 0. To access array element subscript operator is used.[] is called subscript operator.a[0] read a of 0 or 0th element of a C
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Data Types in Go language

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Data type defines a set of related values, describe the operations that can be done on them and define the way the stored in memory.  For example: Suppose you have a Car of VW Polo, but a car can be of any other company with some other basic and some advanced features. But if we called a name Car, then in your mind a picture is created that there is a vehicle with 4-wheels and steering. Each car has some features like the color, company, make, model etc. Types in programming work in a similar way, For example, "Hello World" is a string and every string have some length. Numbers Go Comes with different types to represent numbers, Numbers can be categorized into two broad categories... Integer The integer represents only those numbers which don't include any decimal places and can be of any positive and negative numbers. Example : {1, 3, -4, 11, 123, 534} all are integer numbers Go's integer type can be uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, int8, int16, in
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Printing in C programming

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Printing in C In C for printing purpose, We Use A Function Called printf( ) . A function is a small program used to perform a specific task. The function receives some input known as an argument and produces some output called return value. Functions are always suffixed with parenthesis ( ). Syntax of printf( ) printf("Control String",[List or Variable]); Note: Control string is a sequence of characters which you want to print. ([ ]) square brackets around the list or variable represent that it is optimal. Example Of printf( ) printf("hello"); //Print hello int a=5,b=6; printf("a=%d b=%d",a,b); //print the value of a and b. int a=5,b=6; //Varialbe Declaration printf("%d",a+b); //Print 11. Note: In printf( ) expression can be written .The example is given above. The first program, Say Hello World in C programming /*program to print the "Hello world"*/ #include<stdio.h> int main() { printf(
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Variable Naming & Scope of Variable

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Rules for Creating the variable name Variable name can contain Alphabets (A-Z/a-z), Digits (0-9) and Underscore( _ ). A variable name must start with alphabet or underscore. Spaces and special systems are not allowed. Reserved words are not allowed as a variable name. A variable name should be meaningful. Go is case sensitive language so age, Age, AGE all are treated as a different variable. Some correct variable names name father_name fatherName __AGE number1 car_modal_name is_verified intnum Some incorrect variable names father's_name father#name 2persons 0007 000Name int a#b Note There are two popular ways to create multi-word variables. player_name: Each word is separated by an underscore playerName: camel case, the first word is in small and from second word first letter of each word is capitalized. Variable Scope Scope is the range of places where a variable is allowed to be used is called variable scope.Variable Scope can
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Escape Sequence | Formatted Printing | Interview Questions

Escape sequence Escape sequence are some non-printable character that shows the effect while printing the output. The usage and example of escape sequence are given below. These are the combination of two characters backslash(\) and one more character but treated as a single character occupy only one byte as other characters. Escape Sequence Character Meaning Usage \a Bell alert Used to make a sound. \b backspace Used to move the cursor to the one character back. \n newline Used to change the line \r Carriage Return Used to move the cursor to the beginning of the current line. \" Double Quotes Used to print the double quotes \' Single Quotes Used to print the single quotes \f Form feed Used to change the page \t tab Used to print the tab Program to demonstrate the use of escape sequence #include<s
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Floating point Data types in Go lang

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As we have discussed, In our previous article Data types in go lang , In Go lang Numbers can be categorized into two broad categories. Integral Numbers Floating point Numbers We have already discussed integral numbers In this article we will discuss all floating point numbers. Floating point Numbers Floating point numbers are those which contains decimal places, for example (2.34 , -90.435 , 0.00007) Rules for floating point numbers  Floating point number can contain decimal places, For example (0.006, 2.45) Can be +ve and -ve. Floating point number can be written in two formats Fixed format , example (0.007) Exponent format , example (0.7 E -4) 0.7 E -4 is equivalent to 0.7 * 10 <sup>-4</sup> In 0.7 E -4, 0.7 (part before e) is called mantissa and -4 (part after E) is called exponent. Exponent format is used when a number is too large or too small to represent in decimal places. Floating point number can be of 32bits or 64bits in size in g
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Overview of Go lang

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Go is a Open source programming language that makes it easy to build simple, reliable and efficient software. History of Go lang The Go programming language is initially started in 2007 as an internal Google project. The original designed by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike and Ken Thomson. November 2009, Go is publicly released under the open source license. Go has an open source model and many developers over the world contribute to it with the original designers.  Overview of Go lang Go is often referred to as "Simple" programming language, a language that can be learned in a few hours if you already know another language C / C++. Go language was designed to feel familiar and to stay as simple as possible. Go language is created System programming in mind, even go can be used to create a web application using Google's App Engine . Why Go lang 1) Efficient use of 21st-century computers Computers have evolved, but programming language doesn'
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Literals in Java

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Literals in Java int a = 5; In the above expression, a is a variable but 5 is literal. Literal can be of many types, we will discuss all types of literal one by one. Integral Literal Any integer constant is treated as integral literal. it can be written in 3 formats. int a = 10; (decimal format) int a = 010; (octal format, equivalent to 8) int a = 0x10; (hexadecimal format, equivalent to 16) Note: Octal constants can contain digits from 0 to 9. Hexadecimal constants can contains digits from 0 to 9 and a to f, where a to f can be uppercase or lowercase. Example - 1: int a = 10;    ( ✓ ) int a = 0678;    (✕) // Compile time error, number too large int a = 0777;   ( ✓ ) int a = 0xace;   ( ✓ ) int a = 0xBeer;    (✕) // Compile time error, number too large Example - 2: int a; a = 10 + 010 + 0x10; System.out.println(a); // 34, because 010 = 8 and 0x10 = 16 so 10 + 8 + 16 Important Notes We(programmer) have option to write integer constant in dec
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