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Literals in Java

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Literals in Java int a = 5; In the above expression, a is a variable but 5 is literal. Literal can be of many types, we will discuss all types of literal one by one. Integral Literal Any integer constant is treated as integral literal. it can be written in 3 formats. int a = 10; (decimal format) int a = 010; (octal format, equivalent to 8) int a = 0x10; (hexadecimal format, equivalent to 16) Note: Octal constants can contain digits from 0 to 9. Hexadecimal constants can contains digits from 0 to 9 and a to f, where a to f can be uppercase or lowercase. Example - 1: int a = 10;    ( ✓ ) int a = 0678;    (✕) // Compile time error, number too large int a = 0777;   ( ✓ ) int a = 0xace;   ( ✓ ) int a = 0xBeer;    (✕) // Compile time error, number too large Example - 2: int a; a = 10 + 010 + 0x10; System.out.println(a); // 34, because 010 = 8 and 0x10 = 16 so 10 + 8 + 16 Important Notes We(programmer) have option to write integer constant in dec
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Data types in Java

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What is Data type In Java every variable have some type.  For example in the code snippet below x should be int and b should be boolean type variable. x = 10; b = true; Similarly in Java every expression also have some type. For example in the following code snippet if a + b + c would result int type result because a, b and c are int type variables. int a, b, c, d; a = 1; b = 1; c = 1; d  = a + b + c; Strictly type checking  In Java, each type is strictly defined means byte have range from -128 to 127, so value out of from this range is not acceptable by byte type. Each assignment is strictly checked for type compatibility. Due to above two reason java is called strongly type checked language.   Primitive Data Types 8 Primitive Data types in Java Signed / Unsigned Data types Examples int a = 10;  ( ✓ ) int a = -10;  ( ✓ ) float x = -5.8;  ( ✓ ) char ch = -'a';  (✕) boolean b = -true;  (✕) boolean b = true;  ( ✓ ) Except boolean and
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Identifiers

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What is identifier. A Name in Java program is called identifier, which can be used for identification purpose. It can be a class name, interface name, method name, label name, variable name etc. Example In the above example words marked with red underline are identifiers. As you can see there are 5 identifiers Test (Class Name) main (Method Name) String (Pre-defined Class Name) args (Variable Name) println(Method Name) Rules / Convention for Identifier Naming While defining Java identifier name, we have to follow some rules as listed below. Allowed characters in Java identifier are listed below.  A to Z (Uppercase letters) a to z (Lowercase letters) 0 to 9 (Digits) _ (Underscore) $ (Dollar sign) Example:  contact_number ( ✓ ) contact#   (✕) Identifier can't starts with digit. Example abc123 ( ✓ ) 123abc (✕) Java is a case sensitive language all variable listed below are different, but it is not a good programming
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String in golang

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Strings are sequence of characters with definite length and can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" and back ticks `Hello Go`.  A string is a sequence of characters. Strings are the collection of individual bytes, where each character occupy single byte. Characters out of the ASCII characters (can say characters from other languages) occupy more than one byte. A string can be created by enclosing in double quotes "Hello Go" or backticks `Hello Go`. The difference between double quotes and backticks is that double quotes allow escape sequences like \n (newline) and \t (tab) and parses them but backticks don't. Example-1: package main import "fmt" func main( ) {         fmt.Println(len("Hello Go"))         fmt.Println("Hello Go"[1])         fmt.Println("Hello"+" "+"Go") } Output:  8 101 Hello Go   Output Explained: fmt.Println(len("Hello Go"))
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Inline V/S Block Level Element

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What is Element? An element is the combination of opening tag, closing tag and text between the opening and closing tag. The following figure helps you to understand, what is an element? Element in Html Types of Element in HTML Block level elements Inline elements Block level Element Block Level elements are those which always starts from a new line. Examples of block level elements All Headings (h1,  h2,  h3,  h4, h5, h6) Paragraphs Lists Inline Element Inline elements are those, which don’t change the line automatically. Examples of inline element Bold (<b>Bold</b>) Italic (<i>Italic</i>)  Underline (<i>Underline</i>) Links (<a>Links</a>) Watch the video
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Floating point Data types in Go lang

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As we have discussed, In our previous article Data types in go lang , In Go lang Numbers can be categorized into two broad categories. Integral Numbers Floating point Numbers We have already discussed integral numbers In this article we will discuss all floating point numbers. Floating point Numbers Floating point numbers are those which contains decimal places, for example (2.34 , -90.435 , 0.00007) Rules for floating point numbers  Floating point number can contain decimal places, For example (0.006, 2.45) Can be +ve and -ve. Floating point number can be written in two formats Fixed format , example (0.007) Exponent format , example (0.7 E -4) 0.7 E -4 is equivalent to 0.7 * 10 <sup>-4</sup> In 0.7 E -4, 0.7 (part before e) is called mantissa and -4 (part after E) is called exponent. Exponent format is used when a number is too large or too small to represent in decimal places. Floating point number can be of 32bits or 64bits in size in g
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Escape Sequence | Formatted Printing | Interview Questions

Escape sequence Escape sequence are some non-printable character that shows the effect while printing the output. The usage and example of escape sequence are given below. These are the combination of two characters backslash(\) and one more character but treated as a single character occupy only one byte as other characters. Escape Sequence Character Meaning Usage \a Bell alert Used to make a sound. \b backspace Used to move the cursor to the one character back. \n newline Used to change the line \r Carriage Return Used to move the cursor to the beginning of the current line. \" Double Quotes Used to print the double quotes \' Single Quotes Used to print the single quotes \f Form feed Used to change the page \t tab Used to print the tab Program to demonstrate the use of escape sequence #include<s
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Sum of two numbers

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C Programming #include<stdio.h> int main() { int a,b,sum; printf("Enter any two numbers: "); scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); sum = a + b; printf("Total = %d",sum); return 0; } C++ Programming #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a,b; cout << "Enter any two numbers: "; cin >> a >> b; int sum = a + b; cout<<"Total = "<<sum; return 0; } Java import java.util.Scanner; class Sum { public static void main(String args[]) { int a,b; Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter any two numbers: "); a = sc.nextInt(); b = sc.nextInt(); int sum = a + b; System.out.print("Total = "+sum); } } Go Lang
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Operators in C Language| Part-4

Unary operators Unary operator are those which only require one operand(argument) to operate. + , - , ++, --, typecast and sizeof are some unary operators in C programming. +5, -5 are the example of +,- unary operators. which represents +ve and -ve values. Unary operators have high priority than binary operators, so unary operators are always evalutes first. Increment / Decrement operator ++, -- are called increment and decrement operators. Increment and decrement operators are available in two versions Prefix Postfix Difference b/w prefix and postfix Prefix Postfix int a = 5; ++a; printf("%d",a); // 6 int a = 5; a++; printf("%d",a); // 6 int a = 5,b; b = ++a; printf("%d %d",a,b);// 6 6 int a = 5,b; b = a++; printf("%d %d",a,b);//6 5 Example of increment and decrement operators Example-1: int a = 3, b = 4,c; c = ++a * ++b; printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c); /
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Printing in C programming

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Printing in C In C for printing purpose, We Use A Function Called printf( ) . A function is a small program used to perform a specific task. The function receives some input known as an argument and produces some output called return value. Functions are always suffixed with parenthesis ( ). Syntax of printf( ) printf("Control String",[List or Variable]); Note: Control string is a sequence of characters which you want to print. ([ ]) square brackets around the list or variable represent that it is optimal. Example Of printf( ) printf("hello"); //Print hello int a=5,b=6; printf("a=%d b=%d",a,b); //print the value of a and b. int a=5,b=6; //Varialbe Declaration printf("%d",a+b); //Print 11. Note: In printf( ) expression can be written .The example is given above. The first program, Say Hello World in C programming /*program to print the "Hello world"*/ #include<stdio.h> int main() { printf(
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Arrays in C Language

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Suppose you want to store the 10 numbers. The one choice is to create a 10 different variable but it is difficult when number of variable are increases. So the next solution that is more feasible is array. An array is the collection of various similar type elements stored in contiguous memory locations. All the array elements share the common name. To uniquely identify each element an index or subscript is associated with the element. so the array is also known as subscript variable . In the given figure arrangement of array elements are shown. The address of the first element is 100. If the given array is of type integer and integer occupies 2 bytes then the next element in the array has address 102,104 etc as given in the figure. How to access array elements using subscript operator it is also shown in the given figure. Array index always start with 0. To access array element subscript operator is used.[] is called subscript operator.a[0] read a of 0 or 0th element of a C
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Program to check a year is leap year or not.

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Problem Description If a year is divisible by 4, then it is called leap year. But all the centuries are divisible by 4, so to check a century is a leap year or not, we check divisibility by 400 of a year. If a century is divisible by 400 then the century is called leap year otherwise not. Basic Logic Snippets (In C) if(year % 100 == 0) { if (year % 400 == 0) { printf("%d is a leap year",year); } else { printf("%d is not a leap year",year); } }else { if(year % 4 == 0) { printf("%d is a leap year",year); } else { printf("%d is not a leap year",year); } } Output Test-1 Enter any year: 1996 1996 is a leap year Test-2 Enter any year: 1600 1600 is a leap year Test-3 Enter any year: 1800 1800 is not a leap year Improved your logic Note: Generate wrong output in some cases, but helpful to understand upcoming logic if(year % 100 == 0 && year % 400 ==0 || year % 4 == 0) { printf("%d is a leap year
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Data types in Java

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What is Data type In Java every variable have some type.  For example in the code snippet below x should be int and b should be boolean type variable. x = 10; b = true; Similarly in Java every expression also have some type. For example in the following code snippet if a + b + c would result int type result because a, b and c are int type variables. int a, b, c, d; a = 1; b = 1; c = 1; d  = a + b + c; Strictly type checking  In Java, each type is strictly defined means byte have range from -128 to 127, so value out of from this range is not acceptable by byte type. Each assignment is strictly checked for type compatibility. Due to above two reason java is called strongly type checked language.   Primitive Data Types 8 Primitive Data types in Java Signed / Unsigned Data types Examples int a = 10;  ( ✓ ) int a = -10;  ( ✓ ) float x = -5.8;  ( ✓ ) char ch = -'a';  (✕) boolean b = -true;  (✕) boolean b = true;  ( ✓ ) Except boolean and
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